Training in Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder for Early Childhood Educators and Achieving Mothers' Well-being

Henny Puji Astuti(1), Dewi Retno Suminar(2), Primatia Yogi Wulandari(3), Fitri Andriani(4), Cholichul Hadi(5), Nur Ainy Fardana(6),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46843/jpm.v4i2.462


(1) Doctoral in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
(4) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
(5) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
(6) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Abstract

The lack of ability of early childhood educators in the early detection of ASD can hinder learning objectives. On the other hand, lack of parental well-being also affects children's growth and development. This community service activity aims to help early childhood educators recognize and develop early detection skills for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children, thereby promoting the well-being of mothers, so that they can provide appropriate treatment. The training method used is the in-on-in approach, which involves learning, application, and evaluation/reflection. At the learning stage, teachers participate in a workshop that includes lecture techniques, question-and-answer sessions, simulations, and mentoring. At the application stage, teachers and mothers conduct early detection of ASD in children. Teachers work on training and collect assignments. Then, at the evaluation/reflection stage, we use quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this activity show an increase in early childhood educators' knowledge and skills regarding the early detection of ASD in children and achieving mothers' well-being. Based on the pre-test and post-test results, there was a 28.85% increase in knowledge and skills related to the early detection of ASD. Meanwhile, mothers show better well-being in caring for children with ASD. This training has a long-term impact on achieving learning objectives and the well-being of mothers.

Keywords

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Early Detection, Educator, Mother, Wellbeing

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alibekova, R., Chan, C. K., Crape, B., Kadyrzhanuly, K., Gusmanov, A., An, S., Bulekbayeva, S., Akhmetzhanova, Z., Ainabekova, A., Yerubayev, Z., Yessimkulova, F., & Bekisheva, A. (2022). Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Kazakhstan: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Global Mental Health, 9, 472–482.

Alrahili, N. (2023). Burnout and Anxiety Among Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Middle East Current Psychiatry.

Anwar, R. N. (2021). Manajemen Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 539–548.

APA. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Publishing.

Aprilia, D., Johar, A., & Hartuti, P. (2014). Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Autisme pada Anak. Rekursif, 2(2), 92–98.

Asmare, R. F., Taye, F. N., Kotecho, M. G., Mishna, F., & Regehr, C. (2023). Towards a "New Mothering" Practice? The Life Experiences of Mothers Raising a Child with Autism in Urban Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5333.

Astuti, H. P., & Suminar, D. R. (2022). The Experiences of Mother Who Has Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 11(2), 117–123.

Azwar, S. (2025). Dasar-Dasar Psikometrika. Pustaka Pelajar.

Bravo-Benítez, J., Pérez-Marfil, M. N., Román-Alegre, B., & Cruz-Quintana, F. (2019). Grief Experiences in Family Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4821.

Cardon, A., & Marshall, T. (2021). To Raise a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative, Comparative Study of Parental Experiences in the United States and Senegal. Transcultural Psychiatry, 58(3), 335–350.

Choi, K. R., Bhakta, B., Knight, E. A., Becerra-Culqui, T. A., Gahre, T. L., Zima, B., & Coleman, K. J. (2022). Patient Outcomes After Applied Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 43(1), 9–16.

Cui, M., Ni, Q., & Wang, Q. (2023). Review of Intervention Methods for Language and Communication Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. PeerJ, 11, e15735.

Dewi, R., Inayatillah, & Yullyana, R. (2018). Pengalaman Orangtua dalam Mengasuh Anak Autis di Kota Banda Aceh. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 3(2), 288–301.

Fazry, M. I. Y., & Supriyadi, A. (2022). Sosialisasi Fisioterapi Tentang Deteksi Dini Autis di Posyandu Sidomulyo, Desa Kedungmulyo, Boyolali, Jawa Tengah. BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(4), 694–700.

Gobrial, E. (2018). The Lived Experiences of Mothers of Children with the Autism Spectrum Disorders in Egypt. Social Sciences, 7(8), 133.

Hersinta. (2023). Neurodiversitas, Merayakan Keberagaman dalam Autisme. Kompas.id.

Hodgetts, S., McConnell, D., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Nicholas, D. (2017). The Impact of Autism Services on Mothers' Psychological Well-Being. Child: Care, Health and Development, 43(1), 18–30.

Husna, F., Yunus, N. R., & Gunawan, A. (2019). Hak Mendapatkan Pendidikan Bagi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dalam Dimensi Politik Hukum Pendidikan. SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, 6(2), 207–222.

Iskayanti, A., & Hartini, N. (2019). Self-Efficacy Parenting and Nursing Stress: Study on Mother from Spectrum Autism Children. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 4(1), 43–52.

Jumini, S., Hamzah, H., Hanifah, D. P., Aryati, D., & Jannata, T. (2024). Pendampingan Pendidikan Anak di Era Digital pada PKK Desa Krumpakan. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 3(1), 22-30.

Kakar, Z. U. H., Rasheed, R., Rashid, A., & Akhter, S. (2023). Criteria for Assessing and Ensuring the Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Business Reflections, 4(2), 150–173.

Kandouw, G. L., Dundu, A., & Elim, C. (2018). Deteksi Dini Anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme dan Interaksinya dengan Orang Tua dan Saudara Kandung. E-CliniC, 6(1), 50–54.

Khachadourian, V., Mahjani, B., Sandin, S., Kolevzon, A., & Buxbaum, J. D. (2023). Comorbidities in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Etiologies. Translational Psychiatry, 13(1), 71.

Khanza, V., & Kurniawan, Y. (2022). Penguatan Ketahanan Keluarga: Menjawab Tantangan Pembangunan SDM Indonesia Unggul. Dinamika Resiliensi pada Ibu Tunggal yang Memiliki Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Kodak, T., & Bergmann, S. (2020). Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characteristics, Associated Behaviors, and Early Intervention. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 67(3), 525–535.

Kurniawan, A. (2021). Deteksi Dini Anak Autism. Jurnal ORTOPEDAGOGIA, 7(1), 57–61.

Lamba, N., van Tonder, A., Shrivastava, A., & Raghavan, A. (2022). Exploring Challenges and Support Structures of Mothers with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United Arab Emirates. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 120, 104138.

Li, W., Muhamad, M. M., Fakhruddin, F. M., Zhou, W., & Zuo, R. (2023). Teachers' Experiences of Developing the Teacher-Student Relationships During COVID-19 in China. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(4), 1837–1843.

Meleady, J., Nearchou, F., Bramham, J., & Carr, A. (2020). Family Adaptation Among Parents of Children on the Autism Spectrum Without a Comorbid Intellectual Disability: A Test of the Double ABCX Model. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 78, 101637.

Moleong, L. J. (2016). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Mulyana, D. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Paradigma Baru Ilmu Komunikasi dan Ilmu Sosial Lainnya. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Nordahl-Hansen, A., Hart, L., & Øien, R. A. (2018). The Scientific Study of Parents and Caregivers of Children with ASD: A Flourishing Field but Still Work to Be Done. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 976–979.

Nugraheni, S. A. (2012). Menguak Belantara Autisme. Buletin Psikologi, 20(1–2), 9–17.

Nurjadin, N., & Mediastika, C. E. (2021). Pendekatan Desain untuk Fasilitas Pendidikan Bagi Anak Penyandang Autisme Studi Agca Center Kediri. Jurnal E-Dimensi Arsitektur, 9(1), 185–192.

Palmer, M., Tarver, J., Carter Leno, V., Paris Perez, J., Frayne, M., Slonims, V., Pickles, A., Scott, S., Charman, T., & Simonoff, E. (2023). Parent, Teacher and Observational Reports of Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Young Autistic Children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(1), 296–309.

Papadopoulos, D. (2021). Mothers' Experiences and Challenges Raising a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study. Brain Sciences, 11(3), 309.

Radley, K. C., Dart, E. H., Brennan, K. J., Helbig, K. A., Lehman, E. L., Silberman, M., & Mendanhall, K. (2020). Social Skills Teaching for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4(3), 215–226.

Rais, L. P., Dahlan, T. H., & Baihaqi, M. (2023). Interkorelasi Antara Stres Pengasuhan, Kepuasan Pernikahan, dan Kesejahteraan pada Orang Tua dengan Anak Autism Spectrum Disorder di Kota Palembang. Jurnal Psikologi Insight, 6(1), 15–24.

Ramadhan, M. R., & Rahmandai, A. (2021). Pengalaman Menjadi Guru Laki-Laki Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Inklusif. Jurnal EMPATI, 9(6), 449–460.

Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the Building Blocks of Well-Being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333–335.

Silawati, V., Nurpadilah, & Surtini. (2020). Deteksi Dini Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini di Pesantren Tapak Sunan Jakarta Timur Tahun 2019. BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 88–93.

Sinha, A., & Rajan, G. (2024). Exploring the Coping Strategies, Emotion Regulation and Well-Being Indicators of Parents of Neurodivergent Children: A Comparative Study Between Mothers and Fathers in India. Psychology Hub, 41(2), 5–17.

Sorrenti, L., Arena, J., Mafodda, A. V., & Filippello, P. (2021). Perception of Well-Being, Predisposition to Optimism, and Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9, 1–16.

Suryaningrum, C., Ingarianti, T. M., & Anwar, Z. (2016). Pengembangan Model Deteksi Dini Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) pada Tingkat Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) di Kota Malang. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 4(1), 37–49.

Tiel, J. M. van. (2020). Anakku ADHD, Autisme, atau Gifted? Prenadamedia Group.

Ulfa, M. (2018). Analisa Deteksi Dini dan Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Prasekolah. Care: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan, 6(3), 200–209.

Wang, H., Hu, X., & Zhang, R. (2020). Parental Stress, Involvement, and Family Quality of Life in Mothers and Fathers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mainland China: A Dyadic Analysis. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 107, 103791.

Woods, J. J., & Wetherby, A. M. (2003). Early Identification of and Intervention for Infants and Toddlers Who Are at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 34(3), 180–193.

Yakin, I. H. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian. CV. Aksara Global Akademia.

Zeidan, J., Fombonne, E., Scorah, J., Ibrahim, A., Durkin, M. S., Saxena, S., Yusuf, A., Shih, A., & Elsabbagh, M. (2022). Global Prevalence of Autism: A Systematic Review Update. Autism Research, 15(5), 778–790.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.